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Python Course in 4 to 6 Weeks – Lesson 14: OOP Basics – Classes & Objects

🧱 Python Course in 4 to 6 Weeks – Lesson 14: OOP Basics – Classes & Objects

Welcome to Lesson 14 of the Python Course in 4 to 6 Weeks! Today, we’ll dive into Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), a powerful paradigm that helps you build structured and scalable applications in Python.

🔍 What is OOP?

OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It’s a method of programming where you design code using objects and classes. It’s widely used in real-world applications such as games, GUI programs, and web development.

📦 Key Concepts of OOP

  • Class – A blueprint for creating objects
  • Object – An instance of a class
  • Attributes – Variables that hold data inside a class
  • Methods – Functions that belong to a class
  • Constructor – The __init__() method used to initialize object properties
  • Inheritance – One class can inherit features from another class

🧪 Example 1: Creating a Class

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def greet(self):
        print(f"Hello, I'm {self.name} and I'm {self.age} years old.")

# Creating an object
person1 = Person("Amr", 25)
person1.greet()

🧬 Inheritance Example

class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, student_id):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self.student_id = student_id

    def show_id(self):
        print(f"My student ID is {self.student_id}.")

student1 = Student("Sara", 21, "S101")
student1.greet()
student1.show_id()

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  • ❌ Forgetting self as the first parameter in class methods
  • ❌ Not using super() when inheriting from a parent class
  • ❌ Confusing class-level vs. instance-level variables

🎯 Practice Challenge

Create a class Car with attributes: brand, model, year. Then:

  • Add a method to display full info
  • Create a subclass ElectricCar that adds battery_size
  • Override the info method to include battery size

📥 Tools You'll Need

📌 Final Words

OOP is essential for writing clean and maintainable Python programs. Once you master classes, objects, and inheritance, you're ready to move on to real-world applications and frameworks.

🔗 Coming Next:

Lesson 15: Real-World Python – Web, Data, Automation 🌍

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